Caffeine

  • Caffeine causes vasoconstriction that reduces cerebral blood flow by 27%. [1][3]
  • Caffeine is also able to reduce myocardial blood floow. [3]
  • Chronic moderate(405mg/day) use results an adaptation for the vasoconstriction. [1]
  • Caffeine significantly decrease reaction times in auditory and visual choice tasks. [2]
  • Moderate use of caffeine elevates mood and increases self-ratings of tension or anxiety for at least 3 hours. [2][3]
  • Moderate use of caffeine significantly increases latency to sleep and improves daytime alertness. [2][3]
  • Caffeine decreases vitamin D receptor protein expression.

Reference

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748160/
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209050/
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462044/